<p>Saint Josephs Roman Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church building in Mobile, Alabama, United States. It serves as the parish church for St. Josephs Parish in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mobile.</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Parish is the third oldest in Mobile. It was formed in 1857 to serve Catholics too far removed from the downtown Cathedral and the Church of St. Vincent de Paul in South Mobile.</p><br>
<p>St. Josephs Parish is approaching its 160th year of service with its congregation of faithful parishioners.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Bishop Michael Portier appointed a Jesuit priest, Father Peter Ismand as the first pastor of St.Joseph Parish in the year 1857. Father Peter Ismand was a popular priest who ministered the soldiers of both the Confederacy and the Union Armed Forces. He was also very active during the Yellow Fever epidemic.</p><br>
<p>The Sisters of Mercy came to Mobile in 1884 for service in St. Josephs Parish. Their social works mission included visiting the sick, the destitute and prisoners. They founded St. Josephs School, later to be called the Convent of Mercy Academy. The convent was moved to another location in 1969.</p><br>
<p>Membership of the Parish began to swell and a need arose to plan and construct a larger Church. The present land at Springhill Avenue was purchased from the Prador family. The Jesuits of Spring Hill College were entrusted with the erection of a Church, which they built close to the city hospital in 1858.</p><br>
<p>The new parish was made up primarily of German immigrants. A magnificent church building with its soaring nave and spectacular, stained glass windows was designed in Gothic style. The corner stone was laid by the then Bishop Allen on August 8, 1907. Construction was completed within a year and the present sanctuary was dedicated on August 4, 1908.</p><br>
<p>In 1907 several organizations were established by the church under the leadership of Father Linus Schuler. Among these were: The Altar Society, The Holy Name Society, St.Vincent de Paul Conference, The Society for Propagation of Faith and The Holy Child Association.</p><br>
<p>In September 1908 the Mobile Daily Register wrote a short article about the newly completed church calling it "one of the handsomest churches in the state." The paper noted the lack of interior columns as a "striking feature" resulting in an "entirely open interior." The church has a seating capacity of 800.</p><br>
<p>The Jesuits continued to manage the Church and established an endowment to provide ongoing support for the Parish. In 2009 the Jesuits turned over management to the Archdioceses of Mobile.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Diboll and Owen of New Orleans were the architects and G. A. Chamblin of Mobile was the contractor.</p><br>
<p>The Church itself is an impressive example of the Gothic Revival style. It is sixty by one hundred feet/ brick with a granite water table and a one hundred and twenty foot tower. The building is a classic medieval reproduction with a gable (slate) to the front nave, a 120-foot centered square tower/ transepts and apse.</p><br>
<p>The facade is dominated by the tower, which has a central entrance of paired wooden doors with Tudor arch tops and corbeled in, battlemented parapet over the entrance. The tower features monumental buttresses with a set of tripled stained glass Tudor windows in the second story and tripled louvered vents in the third story.</p><br>
<p>The side elevations feature large Tudor stained glass windows delineated by buttresses. The transepts are buttressed and include each a pair of tall Tudor windows and large stained glass window above. There is a copper cross atop each transept.</p><br>
<p>The church is entered by the tower and double wooden doors and stained glass windows lead into the sanctuary. The interior consists of a large nave with four rows of pews and open transepts. The aisles are covered by low arches and a high arch covers the nave. There are no columns supporting these arches. The walls are clad with marble wainscoting. The stained glass windows (imported from Germany) are interspersed with the Stations of the Cross.</p><br>
<p>Lantern lights are suspended along each side of the nave. The marble chancery rail extends across the west end of the interior. The apse features free standing Corinthian columns with gilded capitals to either side and massive engaged Corinthian pillars behind. The marble altar is carved with a scene of the Last Supper and the high altar is marble as well with intricate carvings and spires.</p><br>
<p>Each transept includes a large round stained glass window with a niche below containing statuary. A small free standing semi-circular balcony over the main entrance includes organ pipes but no seating.</p><br>
<h2>National Historic Register Significance</h2><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Roman Catholic Church retains its integrity of location/ materials and design. The original Gothic cupolas atop the tower corners were destroyed by Hurricane Frederic in 1979. There are no other exterior changes of note. Interior integrity is excellent as well.</p><br>
<p>Saint Joseph&#39;s Roman Catholic Church is significant under National Register Criterion as an important high style example of the Second Gothic Revival in Mobile. The high style design, quality materials and workmanship are typical of Catholic architectural endeavors in the city. The property is further significant for the Rectory, contemporary with the church and stylistically compatible through its details. No other rectory in the city is so architecturally similar to its church as this one.</p><br>
<p>The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 3, 1991 as part of the Historic Roman Catholic Properties in Mobile Multiple Property Submission.</p><br>
<p>Flax Pond is a tidal estuary located in Old Field, New York, on the north shore of Long Island. As a 146 acre salt marsh, Flax Pond is a natural site of great biodiversity and natural beauty. Flax Pond is owned by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation  and is accessed by researchers at Stony Brook University as a Marine Lab for the state</p><br>
<p>In addition to research, Flax Pond also serves as a recreational beach for Long Islanders, though its location prevents many from utilizing the facility, which has served as a point of contention.</p><br>
<p>In recent years, the management of Flax Pond has become a very important issue. The environmentally conscious group Friends of Flax Pond has used the facility to educate those in the community through lectures, workshops, and science programs. However, the NYSDEC has sought to make the Pond more accessible to residents, thus risking the environmentally pristine nature of the Pond.</p><br>
<p>State Assemblyman Steven Englebright, who has roots in geology, (what about ecology?) has repeatedly stressed the importance of Flax Pond as an environmental sanctuary. He has funded projects for Flax Pond, such as their summer learning institute and has held lectures to promote these ideals.</p><br>
<p>The Rio San Bernardino, or San Bernardino River, begins in extreme southeastern Cochise County, Arizona, and is a tributary of the Bavispe River, in Sonora, Mexico.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed</h2><br>
<p>The Rio San Bernardino has two major tributaries, the Rio de Agua Prieta and the Arroyo Cajón Bonito. The river&#39;s headwaters are in extreme southeastern Cochise County, Arizona as Black Draw. From here the Rio San Bernardino flows south, crossing into Mexico east of Douglas, Arizona. In northern Sonora, the Cajón Bonito River joins the San Bernardino River in the San Bernardino Valley after draining the Sierra San Luis and northern end of the Sierra Madre Occidental. Next the Rio San Bernardino is joined by the Rio Agua Prieta which also begins in Cochise County, crossing south as Whitewater Draw into Mexico at Agua Prieta and Douglas. The Rio Agua Prieta flows south and east to join the Rio San Bernardino, shortly after the Rio Agua Prieta meets up with the Rio Fronteras, the latter flowing north from near Nacozari de Garcia, Sonora. The San Bernardino River joins the Bavispe River at Morelos, Sonora at the northern end of the Sierra del Tigre. The Bavispe River flows south by southwest to the Yaqui River and eventually to the Gulf of California at Ciudad Obregon, Sonora.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>North American beaver (Castor canadensis) were documented by Leopold in 1977 in northern Mexico, and a 2000 survey found five breeding pairs of beavers on the Cajón Bonito River mostly in remote ranches without livestock. The authors of the latter study reported that local ranchers kill beavers because they fear felled trees will block roads. However, beavers are considered keystone species and ecosystem engineers, as their dams raise the water table and turn seasonal stretches of streams into perennial reaches, producing highly beneficial impacts on species abundance and diversity in the riparian zone. Beavers were also documented by Hendrickson et al. in 1978 on the Cajón Bonito.</p><br>
<p>Castle Rock is the estate of former Illinois Central Railroad president William H. Osborn in Garrison, New York, United States. It sits on the hill of the same name, looking down on the Hudson River 620 ft below. Visible from West Point across the river and traffic on NY 9D passing through Garrison, it has become one of the most recognizable man-made landmarks of the Hudson Highlands.</p><br>
<p>The Osborn family, including paleontologist Henry Fairfield Osborn and his son, conservationist Henry Fairfield Osborn, Jr, has owned and lived in it since it was built by J. Morgan Slade in 1881 as a summer residence, although the original acreage has been subdivided considerably since then. In 1977 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Most of the remaining land is now open to the public for hiking.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The rough-cut stone castle-like main house is built around a main block with a conical-roofed round tower. Porches and verandas project from many sides of the home to take advantage of the views of the river and mountains in the area. The roof is consistent red slate, with dormers of differing shapes and sizes scattered throughout. One gable to the east uses dressed stone, in contrast with the rest of the building. A north wing with library and extra bedrooms were added later. Four interior chimneys are within the mansion.</p><br>
<p>There are several outbuildings and other structures on the original property that are included as contributing resources. To the northeast, on the mountains summit, is Woodsome Lodge, a rustic log cabin with its own views of the Highlands. The estates spring-fed wooden water tank is also nearby. A stone arch bridge was added at the same time as the library wing. Stone was also used for a -story gatehouse along the winding driveway leading up to the house from Cat Rock Road (NY 403).</p><br>
<p>Buildings that predate the estate are also included. A -story farmhouse known locally as Wing & Wing, built some years before it was expanded into a contemporary cottage in 1858, is near Route 9D on the open meadows between the road and the hill. Also there is a barn-and-farmhouse complex, with nearby shingled home, built by other landowners at the end of the 19th century. A small guest cottage was later built on a separate 2.4 acre property.</p><br>
<p>Another Osborn-estate–related property, The Birches, is at the very corner of Routes 9D and 403. It was used by Osborn&#39;s sons after their weddings, and is listed separately on the National Register, but was not formally part of the estate.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1855 Osborn, who had been one of the charter officers of the Illinois Central two years earlier, visited the Highlands to take in the fresh air and scenic beauty of the area. He enjoyed his visit so much that he decided to buy the property where Castle Rock and its associated properties now stands. He and his family spent summers in Wing and Wing until the castle was completed the year before he retired from the railroad industry as president of the Chicago, St. Louis and New Orleans Railroad. He lived there until his death in 1894, devoting his time and money to philanthropic activities in New York.</p><br>
<p>It was inherited by his son Henry Fairfield Osborn. Since it was intended as a retirement house, it needed to expanded to accommodate the younger Osborns wife and family. The library wing was added in 1906; most of Osborns paleontological papers were written at Castle Rock.</p><br>
<p>Osborn also made other improvements to the property, including Woodsome Lodge, and other wings that doubled the size of the original castle. Most of these were architecturally sympathetic to Slades original design, and there has been little change to it since then. In the late 1970s, after the property was listed on the Register, New Yorks Department of Environmental Conservation bought 129 acre of the former estate,</p><br>
<p>Cape Hedo, also known as Hedo Point, is the northernmost point on Okinawa Island, located within Kunigami Village. A cape jutting out north from the island, it faces the South China Sea on the west, and the Pacific Ocean on the east. On a particularly clear day, the island of Yoron  in Kagoshima Prefecture can be seen on the horizon. Yoron Island is located approximately 23 km to the north.</p><br>
<p>Cape Hedo is part of Okinawa Dai Sekirinzan Quasi-National Park, a prefectural park established in 1965 and re-established with the reversion of Okinawa to Japan in 1972.</p><br>
<p>In the Shōhō Kuniezu, a kuniezu, or series of Japanese provincial land maps created during the Edo period (1603 &ndash; 1868), Cape Hedo appears as "Heto misaki", or "Cape Heto". The expedition of Commodore Perry (1794 &ndash; 1858) visited Cape Hedo and recorded it as "Cape Hope" in his Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan. The Nihon Suiroshi, a pilot guide first issued in 1892, records that the cape is also known as Cape Kunigami and is commonly used as a nautical landmark.</p><br>
<p>The site has become a tourist destination,both for its geographic location, and for the monument erected there commemorating the end of US Occupation and return of Okinawa to Japanese sovereignty. The monument is popularly seen as a photo opportunity by tourists; as tourism to the site has grown, a number of restaurants, souvenir shops, and other tourist facilities have appeared near the site.</p><br>
<p>According to legends of Okinawan history, Okinawan king Gihon (r. c. 1248–1260) fled the capital after abdicating the throne and disappeared into the forest. He is said to have last been seen at the cliffs of Hedo Point (Hedo-misaki), the northernmost point on Okinawa Island.</p><br>
<p>Yafteh is an Upper Paleolithic cave located at the foot of Yafteh Mountain in the Zagros Mountains range, located northwest of Khoramabad in western Zagros, Lorestan Province of western Iran.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Yafteh has yielded the largest number of C14 dates from a single Paleolithic site in Iran that are clustered around 28–35 thousand years ago. A rich collection of ornaments made of marine shells, tooth and hematite has been discovered in the early Upper Paleolithic deposits in both early and recent excavations in the Yafteh cave. This collection was analyzed and published by Sonia Shidrang in the Iranian Journal of Archaeology and History.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological history</h2><br>
<p>The site was found and later excavated by two American archaeologists, Frank Hole and Kent Flannery, in the 1960s. It contained a thick Upper Paleolithic sequence which yielded bladelets and tools. A number of C14 dates indicate that the site was occupied mainly between 30 and 35 thousand years ago. Hole and Flannery published some results of their excavation at Yafteh in a general paper about their excavations in prehistoric sites in Loristan and Dehluran.</p><br>
<p>The lithic assemblages from 1967 excavations were re-analyzed in 2005 by Bordes and Shidrang and later those assemblages were the main subject of a MA thesis in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The site was re-excavated in 2005 by a joint Belgian-Iranian team directed by Marcel Otte and Fereidoun Biglari and excavated again by Otte and Sonia Shidrang in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Border City Mills is an historic textile mill site located at the corner of West Street and Weaver Street in Fall River, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The company was established in 1873 for the manufacture of cotton textiles. The company&#39;s first president was S. Angier Chace and George T. Hathaway was treasurer.</p><br>
<p>The first Mill No.1 was erected in 1873 but was destroyed by fire in 1877. The current Mill No.1, located on West Street was constructed in 1880, from red brick, but of less ornate construction than the original 1873 mill.</p><br>
<p>During the financial crisis of 1879, the company was re-organized with John S. Brayton as president.</p><br>
<p>Mill No. 3 was later built 1888, on Weaver Street. The company was still operating in 1940.</p><br>
<p>The site was determined eligible for the National Historic Register in 1983, but omitted due to owner&#39;s objection.</p><br>
<p>However, Border City Mill No. 2, nearby was later added in 1990, under a separate NRHP listing.</p><br>
<p>On February 20, 2016, an early morning fire destroyed Mill No. 3.</p><br>
<p>Wyoming Mills is an historic textile mill site located at 110 Chace Avenue in Fall River, Massachusetts. It is also known as the former Marshall Hat Factory site.</p><br>
<p>The Wyoming Mills company was established in 1845 by Augustus Chace and William B. Trafford for the manufacture of cotton twine.</p><br>
<p>In 1896, the site was acquired by the James Marshall & Brothers hat company, which added a large red brick mill on the site. By 1911, the company employed 1,500 people and made more than 7,200 derby hats per day.</p><br>
<p>The site was determined eligible for the National Historic Register in 1983, but taken off the list due to the owner&#39;s objection.</p><br>
<p>The site is currently owned by Duro Industries, a textile dyeing and finishing company.</p><br>
<p>The William Lampman House is located at 147 Grandview Avenue, in Catskill, New York. The 2.6 acre site is located on the west side of Catskill Creek, which bisects the town. Contactor, builder and lumberdealer William E. Lampman built the house around 1891. It is significant as an excellent example of the Second Empire style of architecture in Catskill. It is a three story, brick L-shaped house on a stone foundation. Its characteristic mansard roof is topped with slate shingles. The house was constructed with a traditional center hall plan. In the 1940s, it was converted to apartments, but still retains many characteristic architectural features in the interior. Also on the property is a contributing two story carriagehouse, which has fallen into disrepair.</p><br>
<p>The house was entered on the National Register of Historic Places on August 10, 1995.</p><br>
<p>Ralphs Grocery Store is a historic building in the Westwood Village section of Westwood, Los Angeles, California. Built in 1929 as a Ralphs Grocery Store, it was one of the original six buildings in the Westwood Village development. The building was noted for its cylindrical rotunda capped by a low saucer dome, with a pediment over the entrance and arcaded wings extending north and east. It was photographed by Ansel Adams in 1940, declared a Historic-Cultural Monument in 1988, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Origins of Westwood Village</h2><br>
<p>The history of Westwood Village began in 1925, when the Regents of the University of California purchased a large block of land from the Janss Investment Company for the construction of the new UCLA campus. The Janss family retained ownership of the land south of the campus and there developed Westwood Village — a carefully planned commercial center that was to be "a model college town."</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and opening of Ralphs Grocery Store</h2><br>
<p>The new Westwood Village began to open in 1929, and one of its original buildings was the Ralphs Grocery Store located on Westwood Boulevard, one block north of Wilshire Boulevard. The stores most prominent feature was its low rotunda, at the corner of Westwood Boulevard and Lindbrook Drive. The buildings exterior walls were built with imitation stone, but were later covered with stucco. The buildings style has been described as having Mission Revival, Spanish Colonial Revival, Romanesque Revival and Renaissance Revival elements, and is said to have served as a model for other low-rise commercial structures in the village. Early advertising materials for the Westwood Village development featured images of the Ralphs tower and the Janss dome, which became area landmarks. The opening of the store in the fall of 1929 was timed to coincide with the opening of the UCLA campus, and the Los Angeles Times proclaimed the store "one of the most beautiful exclusive grocery marts in the West." The opening was celebrated with a free food show, as Ralphs boasted a new feature at their Westwood store &mdash; "the employment of uniformed boys to wrap each purchase of merchandise while it is being paid for at the cashiers stand, and then carry it to the customer&#39;s car."</p><br>
<p>In 1940, Ansel Adams took a series of photographs of Westwood Village, some featuring the Ralphs building. The photographs are part of the collections of the Los Angeles Public Library and can be viewed, and.</p><br>
<h2>Businesses operating in the building</h2><br>
<p>Ralphs operated a grocery store on the site until the mid-1960s, when it left Westwood Village. Ralphs returned to Westwood Village nearly 40 years later, converting the old Bullocks department store into a grocery store (formerly sharing the space with a Best Buy and an Expo Home Design Center). Since Ralphs vacated the building in the mid-1960s, it has housed a number of different businesses. In 1970 a large portion of the space facing Lindbrook Drive was converted into a movie theater, which was known over the years as the United Artists Theater, (where The Rocky Horror Picture Show made its US debut on September 26, 1975) the UA Egyptian, the Odeon Cinema. and finally as the Mann Festival which closed on July 30, 2009. The Bratskeller restaurant, popular with UCLA students, also operated at the building from the late 1960s through the mid-1980s. In the late 1990s and early 2000s the prime corner space at the base of the tower was split between Daphnes Greek Cafe and Togos Sandwich Restaurant. In late 2008, they were replaced with a Peets Coffee & Tea, which remains currently. In early 2012, part of the shuttered movie theater was converted to 800 Degrees Neapolitan Pizzeria.</p><br>
<h2>Historic preservation and designation</h2><br>
<p>Since the 1970s, the demand for office and residential space around the UCLA campus has resulted in much of the original Mediterranean architecture giving way to large modern high rises, as depicted in the photograph to the right. Preservationists sought to preserve what could be saved of the original Westwood architecture, and in 1988 the Ralphs-Bratskeller-Egyptian Theater building was designated as a Historic Cultural Monument (HCM #360) by the Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Commission. In 1992, the Ralphs building was also added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Michipicoten Island is an island in Ontario, Canada, in the northeastern part of Lake Superior, about 175 km northwest of Sault Ste. Marie and 65 km southwest of Wawa, Ontario. At its closest point to mainland Ontario, the island is located about 16 km from land. It falls within the boundaries of Thunder Bay District.</p><br>
<p>The third largest island in Lake Superior, Michipicoten Island is 27 km long and 10 km wide at its widest point.</p><br>
<p>Most of the lands of Michipicoten Island, as well as smaller islands, shoals, and waters which surround it to within 2,500 m, were regulated as Michipicoten Island Provincial Park in 1985. Despite attempts to develop a comprehensive park management plan in the early- to mid-2000s, it continues to be administered by Ontario Parks under an interim management statement developed in 1986.</p><br>
<p>During the spring, summer, and fall, the island is inhabited or regularly visited by the owners of camps located on a small number of private inholdings, commercial fishers, and clients of a commercial outpost camp. It has become a destination for some adventurous kayakers. In the winter, due mainly to reasons of remoteness and difficulty of access, the island is usually uninhabited.</p><br>
<p>Michipicoten Island has plentiful wildlife (notably beaver, woodland caribou, and birds). It is located in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Forest region.</p><br>
<p>The island is made up of ancient lava bedrock related to volcanism of the Midcontinent Rift System and is heavily forested, with several inland lakes.</p><br>
<p>A lighthouse was established in 1912 on the eastern end of the island. It was staffed until 1988.</p><br>
<p>On some old maps, Michipicoten Island is shown as Isle Maurepas, after the French minister of Marine Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, Count of Maurepas. The word Michipicoten is an Anglicization of the original Ojibwe word Mishipikwadina, meaning "big bluffs" in Ojibwe, and is a reference to the geography of the nearby Michipicoten River.</p><br>
<h2>Woodland Caribou</h2><br>
<p>Michipicoten Island played host to an indigenous caribou population until the herd&#39;s extirpation, as a result of overhunting, in the mid-1800s. In 1981, a lone male caribou was observed on the island; how it arrived there remains unknown. In 1982, additional caribou - one male, three adult females and three female calves - were moved to the island from the Slate Islands by the Ministry of Natural Resources. An additional male was translocated in 1989. From the time of these relocations to 2001, the herd population increased at \lambda=1.18 to arrive at approximately 160 animals in 2001. A population determination performed in 2011 concluded that the herd had grown to 680 animals. At times, the rate of population growth was among the fastest ever recorded for caribou.</p><br>
<p>In the winter of 2014, four wolves transited to Michipicoten Island. This was facilitated by an ice bridge which had formed between the island and the mainland. The wolf population had more than tripled by the winter of 2016/2017. The 2017/2018 wolf population count is anticipated to reveal approximately 20 wolves present on the island. The decline in the caribou population as resulting from the presence of the wolves has raised the concern that the caribou population is in danger of extirpation as soon as the winter of 2017/2018.</p><br>
<p>The caribou population of Michipicoten Island is scientifically significant because it manifests an opportunity to apply A. T. Bergeruds proposed test to assess the viability of the range hypothesis versus the predation hypothesis for providing a credible explanation for caribou population decline. Adapted to Michipicoten Island, Bergeruds proposed test was two-part: First, the caribou population on Michipicoten Island should increase despite the lack of lichen in the island&#39;s Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Forest. This happened, and it indicated that lichen was not a critical requirement in the diet of caribou. Second, after the appearance of wolves, the population of caribou should decline. Should these population trends emerge, it would indicate conclusively that wolf predation, and not a lack of lichen as forwarded by the range hypothesis, was a key factor in the decline of caribou throughout North America.</p><br>
<p>The caribou population of Michipicoten Island is ecologically significant because it and the Slate Islands caribou population are all that conclusively and verifiably remain of a caribou population which was once found throughout the federally-recognized ON6 Lake Superior caribou range. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry/Parks Canada 2016 caribou populations surveys failed to conclusively observe any caribou remaining in the lands along the north shore of Lake Superior.</p><br>
<p>The Bagley Memorial Fountain is a historic fountain in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. It has recently been moved from its long-time location in Campus Martius Park to a new location in just down the street in Cadillac Square Park. The fountain was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971. The John N. Bagley House  at 2921 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit was constructed for Governor Bagley&#39;s son, and is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>John J. Bagley</h2><br>
<p>John J. Bagley was the 16th governor of Michigan, serving from 1873 to 1877. Bagley also served as a Detroit Alderman from 1860–61 and as Police Commissioner from 1865-72. He was instrumental in the creation of the Detroit Metropolitan Police Commission and the construction of the first Detroit House of Corrections. When Bagley died in 1881, his will contained $5,000 for the construction of a drinking fountain for the people of Detroit, having "water cold and pure as the coldest mountain stream."</p><br>
<h2>Fountain</h2><br>
<p>In 1885, the Bagley family chose Henry Hobson Richardson to design the fountain. In 1887, the Bagley Memorial Fountain was dedicated at the corner of Woodward Avenue and Fort Street. Richardson constructed the fountain entirely out of pink Bragville granite, modeled after a ciborium located in St. Mark’s Basilica in Venice. The Bagley Memorial Fountain stands 21 feet high with a basin 7 feet across. At the center of the fountain, four lion heads distribute water. In the original design, two of the heads produced "normal" temperature water and the other two produced cold water, chilled by ice packed around the fountain pipes. The inscription on the four sides of the cornice reads: TESTAMENTARY GIFTFOR THE PEOPLE FROMJOHN JVDSON BAGLEYA.D. MDCCCLXXXVII.</p><br>
<h2>Later moves</h2><br>
<p>In 1926 the fountain was moved from its original home at Woodward and Fort to Campus Martius, because of the increase of automobile traffic. In 2007, the fountain was installed in its current location in Cadillac Square; a new lion fountainhead replaced the original, which was stolen. It is the only remaining work by Richardson in the Detroit area.</p><br>
<p>The Maly Cheremshan  is a river in Tatarstan and Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russian Federation, a right-bank tributary of the Bolshoy Cheremshan River. It is 213 km long, of which 192 km are in Tatarstan. The river&#39;s drainage basin covers 3,190 km&sup2;. It begins near Tatarsky Yeltan, Chistopolsky District, Tatarstan, and flows to the Bolshoy Cheremshan in Ulyanovsk Oblast. Maximal water discharge is 702 m3/s .</p><br>
<p>Major tributaries are the Cheboksarka, Savrushka, Bagana, Adamka, Vyalyulkina, Baranka, Marasa, Ata, Shiya, Yukhmachka rivers. The maximal mineralization 500-700 mg/l. The average sediment deposition at the river mouth per year is 80 mm. In its middle reaches the river crosses the biggest forest in Transkama Tatarstan. Since 1978 it is protected as a natural monument of Tatarstan.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church is an historic Presbyterian church located at 642 Telfair Street in Augusta, Georgia in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The church was established in 1804, and the building was completed in 1812. In 1808, while the congregation was still holding services at St. Pauls Episcopal Church, members helped start a church in Smyrna in Wilkes County. In 1925 the Ladies Foreign Missionary Society already was collecting donations, making it the first such ministry in the world, according to the statistics of the church.</p><br>
<p>During his childhood, United States president Woodrow Wilsons father, Joseph R. Wilson, was minister at First Presbyterian from 1858 to 1870. The Woodrow Wilson Boyhood Home is a historic site nearby. In 1861 the Church hosted the first General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the Confederate States and the first minister in this new denomination was President Wilsons father.</p><br>
<p>During the Civil War the building was used as a hospital for men wounded, and the churchyard was a detention camp for Union prisoners in the Battle of Chickamauga. Men who died were buried in the Magnolia Cemetery. During this time Joseph Wilson was called to the chaplain ministry in the army, and in 1870 Wilson was called to serve at a seminary in South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>Westminster Day School was started in 1972. The campus of Westminster Schools, located on Wheeler Road, now has more than 500 pupils, grades K–4 through 12.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church started a missions conference, and the annual event is a combination retreat and workshop for missionaries and their families. It also is an opportunity for the people of Augusta to hear about work in the field.</p><br>
<p>In 1973, First Presbyterian dropped its affiliation with the Southern Presbyterian Church over issues, such as the authority of scripture and the role of women in the church, and became independent. It aligned itself with the Presbyterian Church in America in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>Church building</h2><br>
<p>Later the church served as a center of social and religious activities during World War I and World War II.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by noted architect Robert Mills in the Romanesque style. Mills was also Presbyterian, and was an elder in the First Presbyterian Church in Columbia, SC. The church sanctuary was built in 1809–12. The church was finished and dedicated in 1812 in Classical style. The church was significantly changed in 1847 to incorporate Romanesque round-arched windows and doors and crenellated parapet walls. Mills&#39; design, however, is still evident in the shape and scale of the historic building. A plaque marks the Wilson pew in the sanctuary. A letter signed by President Wilson and some furniture used by his family when they lived in the manse were installed in a classroom. Four halls on the sides and rear of the sanctuary were added to the building from 1951 to 1978. On February 21, 1997, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, listed as First Presbyterian Church of Augusta. The church celebrated its 200th anniversary in 2004</p><br>
<h2>Doctrine</h2><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church is a member congregation of the Presbyterian Church in America.</p><br>
<p>It adheres to the Westminster Confession of Faith, Westminster Shorter Cathechism and Westminster Larger Catechism.</p><br>
<p>The church has about 1,600 members.</p><br>
<p>The current senior pastor is Dr. George W. Robertson.</p><br>
<p>Washboard Falls is a 5 m high classical cascade waterfall found in the Tiffany Falls Conservation Area in Ancaster, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Found 100 metres upstream from Tiffany Falls. Also known as Upper Tiffany Falls. Must hike off the Bruce Trail to access it.</p><br>
<p>Nearby attractions include the Dundas Valley Conservation Area, Hermitage Ruins, Griffin House, Fieldcote Memorial Park & Museum, Royal Botanical Gardens, Dundurn Castle.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The waterfall is difficult to access. It is on Hamilton Conservation Authority lands, and may be accessed either by passing through private property (by getting permission from the owners) or by scaling the steep hill to the left of Tiffany Falls. According to the City of Waterfalls, "...it is located on Hamilton Conservation Authority lands, but the only way to reach it - without going onto private property- is to climb the steep hill to the left of Tiffany Falls and follow the creek upstream for 100 metres. This climb is very dangerous and should be attempted only by those who have proper hiking equipment." The fact that the waterfall is on HCA lands is confirmed on the Hamilton Conservation Authority website.</p><br>
<p>The Exposition Park Rose Garden is a historic 7 acre sunken garden located in Exposition Park in Los Angeles, California. It has been called "one of the city&#39;s best-kept secrets". It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Establishment of the rose garden</h2><br>
<p>From 1871 to 1911, the site of the rose garden was part of the citys Agricultural Park. The rose garden area was then used for horse, camel, dog, and later automobile racing; it also reportedly housed the citys longest bar and "one of its most stylish brothels." In 1914, the city announced plans to construct a wildflower garden at the park, but the rose garden was not built until 1927 with the planting of 15,000 bushes of more than 100 varieties. When the garden was announced, the Los Angeles Times applauded the project: "No more fitting tribute could be paid to the spirit of Southern California than to erect in the center of her largest city the greatest rose garden in the world." During the Great Depression, the lack of funding threatened the closure of the rose garden, then described as "the largest rose garden in the world."</p><br>
<h2>Boldsen statues</h2><br>
<p>In 1936, four large marble statues by Danish sculptor Thyra Boldsen were installed on pedestals at the four corners of the garden. The statues were titled "Nymph Finding Pipes of Pan," "The Blessing" (dedicated to the mothers of the world), "The Start" (awarded first prize by the Danish Academy of Fine Arts), and "Terpsichore" (or "Melody of Life"). The sculptor explained her intent with the statues this way: "In conceiving and executing these four figures dedicated to womanhood and motherhood, I have had in mind that men for centuries have erected statues symbolizing bravery—these symbolize love, life and joy."</p><br>
<h2>Popularity of the Rose Garden</h2><br>
<p>In the 1950s, the annual pruning demonstration drew thousands of rose enthusiasts to the park. By the mid-1980s, the garden had more than 20,000 rose bushes and more than 200 varieties of roses. The All-America Rose Selection, a rose growers organization, began donating its Rose of the Year to the garden in 1940. The garden is reportedly visited by more than a million people a year and is a popular location for weddings, reflection, and other events. The garden also has four gazebos, several statues, and a central fountain. The garden is located adjacent to the University of Southern California campus, the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, and the California Science Center.</p><br>
<h2>Threat to the Rose Garden and historic designation</h2><br>
<p>In 1986, plans to dig up the garden to build an underground parking garage led to protests in the media. The Los Angeles Times ran an editorial opposing the plan: "There are times when the leaders of Los Angeles seem perversely intent on living up to the image that many outsiders have of them—insensitive and uncouth rabbits who would, say, dig up a garden to put in a parking lot." The garden had also been threatened by an earlier proposal by the Los Angeles Raiders football team to convert the garden into a practice field for the team. In order to protect the garden from such threats, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Film and television</h2><br>
<p>The exterior of the Old Armory Building, abutting the eastern edge of the Rose Garden, is used in establishing shots of the fictional Jeffersonian Center, in the TV series Bones.</p><br>
<p>The Kulyagash  is the biggest wetland in Tatarstan, Russian Federation. It consists of Kulyagash swamp and several lakes. It is situated in Belaya and Ik Rivers interfluvial, Aktanyshsky District, at the east of Tatarstan, near the border with Bashkortostan. The area of the wetland is estimated as 22,000 ha. Kulyagash stretches from west to east 17.5 km, from north to south 10 km. The most notable lakes in the wetland are Atyr, Kinder-Kul, Azybeyevskoye, Syulyale-Kul, the biggest being, however elongate Kulyagash Lake. There are forests at the several islands in the swamp.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>Since 1978 it is endanged by Nizhnekamsk Reservoir, which is now at 62 meters above sea level, but it is planned to fill it up to 68 to flood Kulyagash totally.</p><br>
<p>The wetland was formed by meandering Ik and Belaya. Several species of plants, such as Andromeda polifolia, Scheuchzeria palustrus, Oxicoccus palustrus, Eriophoeum vaginatum, Salix myrtilloides, mentioned in the local Red Book, as well as rare Najas major, Nymphaea alba, Nuphar pumila, Leersia oryzoides, Calamagrostis neglecta, C.phragmitoides, Ligularia sibirica and Betula humilis inhabit the area. Kulyagash is proposed to be included to Ramsar sites in Russia.</p><br>
<p>In 2001 the district government proposed the creation of Kulyagash reserve there, and in 2004 Tatarstan ministry of ecology promised to establish reserve there.</p><br>
<p>However, in 2008 it was decided to fill the reservoir up to 68 m.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>Swamp&#39;s surface area, covered with peat is 4897 ha, 2774 of them are ultimate reserves. The mean thickness of peat is 1.32 m (the maximum is 4.5 m), total volume of peat is 36,624,000 m³.</p><br>
<h2>Human history</h2><br>
<p>The archaeological excavations revealed scents of Bronze Age peoples in Kulyagash. Prior the 14th century the area was populated by Finno-Ugric peoples, but then was populated by Volga Bulgars and other Turkic peoples, developed to the modern Tatars and Bashkirs. Since late 16th century is also a home of the Eastern Mari and Russians. In the 19th century Derbeshkinsky settlement was founded at the north of the wetland. There were dockyards for the Kama river ships, until the settlement, as well as several surrounding villages was flooded in 1980s by reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The Elephant Tea Rooms is a Grade II listed building in Sunderland, Tyne and Wear, England. The building was constructed from 1872 to 1877 by Henry Hopper to a design by architect Frank Caws for Ronald Grimshaw, a local tea merchant, in a blend of the high Victorian Hindu Gothic and Venetian Gothic styles. This was a selling point, as the exotic style and name advertised the exotic origins of the tea sold there.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The exterior is polychrome and was constructed from brick, terracotta and faience. The ground floor has a full-width tiled fascia continuing along to the neighbouring building; this 20th-century alteration may conceal earlier detail. The arcaded first floor has sash windows with sloping sills in the Gothic faience arcade, clasping rings and crocket capitals to the nookshafts, alternate block jambs, raised pointed arches and roll-moulded dripstring. The ogee window heads have fleur-de-lys finials in front of lozenge-patterned terracotta spandrels. The eaves cornice has a corbelled trefoil frieze.</p><br>
<p>The attic windows have faience surrounds, similar to the first floor arcade, two trefoil-headed transom lights over mullioned lights, each window is in a high gable with round-headed niches in a banded faience decoration and moulded coping. Between the gables there are bracketed corniced shelves carrying faience elephants under bracketed gables with trefoil bargeboards with a crocket decoration and elaborate finials.</p><br>
<p>The round oriel corner turret has nookshafts like the other first floor arcades but with arcaded central lights and blind arches, below a band of linked, splayed shafts and large eaves gargoyles. Above are further gablets are at the foot of the banded round turret with bracketed, eaves and a Buddhist-style conical faience roof with a series of ringed ribs. Smaller high cones on patterned drums are behind the crow-stepped gable foot at the end of each front.</p><br>
<p>The steeply-pitched roof is of slate, has ridges from each gable with terracotta crestings, faeience gable copings and tall, faience coping (behind the elephant gablets) and brick chimneys.</p><br>
<p>Palak Dil or Pala Tipo  is the largest lake in southern Mizoram, northeast India. It is located in near Phura village in Saiha district, within the Mara Autonomous District Council. Its geographical location falls under the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, and is therefore rich in animal and plant species. The lake is a major component of the Palak Wildlife Sanctuary, and it supports the major biodiversity of the sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>Pala is derived from a mythical Mara story for the name of the lake while tipo means "lake&quot it is called Palak Dil in Mizo ṭawng. The lake gives the name of the region Palak Assembly Constituency under Election Commission of India.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Palak Dil is situated within Mara Autonomous District Council (MADC), one of the three autonomous district councils in the southernmost part of the state. It is about 76 km away from Saiha, the headquarters of MADC. It can be reached by small/light vehicles only. Three villages such as Phura, Tongkalong, and Lawngban, are in close proximity. Phura is the main route for visitors.</p><br>
<h2>Origin</h2><br>
<p>According to oral history Palak Dil is said to be formed around 800-1200 CE. It coincided with the period of westward migration of Mara people from Burma. The origin of Palak Dil is a well known folktale among Mizo people. According to Mara legend the location area was originally a big village called Hnychao. There were about 300 families. At the center of the village was a large rock, underneath of which was a cave inhabited by a giant serpent. Villagers soon noticed that children playing around the rock frequently disappeared. At night their livetock animals were missing too. The village hunters caught the serpent using a gigantic fishing pole, and using a goat (or dog in other version) as a bait. From this point there are two versions:</p><br>
<p>They killed the snake and the meat was distributed to all families. A widow with two children happened to get a share of the head. When she cooked it, the eyes were blinking and rolling, staring at her. Frightened, she threw the cooking pot into the street. When she looked out, their doorstep was being flooded and fled for life with her children. The pool rose to a lake submerging the entire habitation and drowning the rest of the villagers. The lake was eventually called Pala Tipo.</p><br>
<p>In an alternate version, when they caught the snake they could not completely haul out its body and cut it in the middle. The bottom half fell back into the cave with massive thunder. It created an upsurge of water from the cave, submerging the whole village. This became a permanent lake and was called Pala Tipo, literally meaning a "swallowing or submerging lake".</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>Palak Dil is oval in shape with a length of 870 meters, width of 700 meters, and depth of 17 to 25 meters. It is believed that a village exists below the lake, some people believes that the lake is haunted by ghosts and demons. Another Legend also believes that a British Officer once dropped his sword in the middle of the lake and ordered one of his men to retrieve it, the men dived to retrieve it but came back only after 3 days explaining that he had feasted and was to drunk to return. The lake is fed by two main streams from the nearby mountains. Its drainage is through a small river called Pala Lui. This drainage area creates a stretch of valley, which remains the main agricultural area of the Mara people.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Palak Dil is home to a number of resident and migratory animals. It is particularly rich in a variety of birds, including endemic bird species. The water is inhabited by common and unique species of fishes. Different species of prawns, snails, crabs, turtles and tortoises. More than 70 species of birds have been recorded from the lake and its shore. Among unique species are Nepal fulvetta, white-bellied yuhina, little spiderhunter, streaked spinderhunter, yellow wagtail, black-capped kingfisher, hooded pitta, spot-breasted scimitar babbler, and white-rumped munia, which are rarely seen in other parts of the region. In addition aquatic birds and wild ducks in Palak Dil are found nowhere else in Mizoram.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>Palak Dil and its surrounding area covering 15 km. is declared by the Indian Ministry of Environment and Forests as a protected area under the Palak Wildlife Sanctuary. The surrounding forest is extensively exploited due to shifting cultivation. The Bombay Natural History Society has selected it as potential ramsar site for wetland conservation.</p><br>
<p>Darnley Cascade is a 4 metre high cascade waterfall located at Crooks Hollow Conservation Area in Greensville, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Nearby attractions include Bruce Trail, Dundas Valley Conservation Area, Spencer Gorge/Webster&#39;s Falls Conservation Area, Hermitage ruins, Royal Botanical Gardens, Dundurn Castle, Christie Lake Conservation Area, Dundas Historical Society Museum and Carnegie Gallery.</p><br>
<p>The waterfall got its name from the Darnley Grist Mill, completed in 1813 by Scottish settler James Crooks, who admired Lord Darnley and claimed him as an ancestor. The grist mill was sold to James Stutt after Crooks death in 1860. Darnley Cascade is sometimes referred to as Stutts Falls, a name which is used on vintage postcards of the area. The mill burned down in 1934, but the ruins remain.</p><br>
<h2>Directions</h2><br>
<p>From Highway 403 take Highway 6 North (Guelph) exit and travel approximately 3 kilometres to Highway 5 East (Dundas Street East). Turn left on Highway 5 East and then turn left onto Ofield Road South. Turn right onto Harvester Road. Harvester Road will become Crooks Hollow Road. Park on the right, past the Spencer Creek bridge, at the Darnley Mill ruins.</p><br>
<p>The John Andrew Miller House is a house built by an early Kentucky settler in the eastern area of Scott County, Kentucky when it was still a part of Virginia. The house is located off of Paris Pike between the city of Georgetown and the town of Newtown. The property was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on November 9, 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The central area of Kentucky was settled by frontiersmen that received land grants as payment for their military service. In the early days in Kentucky, the area was dangerous because the settlers were frequently attacked by Native Americans that used the land as a buffalo hunting ground.</p><br>
<p>In 1775, John Andrew Miller settled in Kentucky and by 1785 had built a sturdy house on 1,000 acre of land in an area now called Scott County, Kentucky. Miller sold the house and 550 acre of land in 1809 to Jeremiah Tarleton, a new settler from Maryland. William C. Graves bought the property from Tarleton&#39;s estate in 1833.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The John Andrew Miller House was constructed with strong materials to provide protection from attacks by Native Americans that occurred in the frontier areas of Virginia. The rugged doors were made of "6 panels on the outside and bias batten on the inside".</p><br>
<p>Halifax Apartments, originally known as the Cross Arms Apartments, is a historic apartment building on Yucca Street in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. Designed by Walker and Eisen, the building was completed in 1923. The building was originally owned by Leach Cross, who named it the "Cross Arms Apartments." At the time of its opening, it was considered "one of the largest and most beautiful apartment houses in Hollywood." In October 1924, the building sold for $750,000, and the new owner renamed the building the "Halifax Apartments." In its early years, the Halifax was a popular residence for entertainers, including silent film star Ned Sparks, and opera star Ernestine Schumann-Heink. It was also the site of important gatherings, including a 1937 reception hosted by Joseph Laemmle for Mayor Shaw which was also attended by the chief of police and district attorney. In 1981, the Halifax was converted to Section 8 housing for senior citizens. In 1997, ONE Company, headed by Ena Dubnoff, and the Thai Community Development Center rehabilitated the building, converting 72 single units into 46 units of affordable multi-family housing. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Graham Lake in Hancock County, Maine is a eutrophic reservoir formed by the construction of a hydro-electric power dam in 1922 four miles  upstream from Ellsworth, Maine. The first dam was a hastily built earthen dam built by the Bangor Hydro Electric Company. It failed in 1923, flooding downtown Ellsworth and doing almost $8 million in property damage. The dam was rebuilt and operated by Bangor Hydro until its sale in 1999. The dam has since been acquired by Pennsylvania Power & Light which continues to use it to generate electricity.</p><br>
<p>Water clarity in the lake is low, with secchi disk measurements averaging less than 3 meters. Fish in the lake that are of interest to anglers include smallmouth bass, white perch, chain pickerel, landlocked salmon, and brook trout.</p><br>
<p>Bergen County, New Jersey had a series of court houses. The current one stands in Hackensack, New Jersey.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The current Bergen County Courthouse is not the first courthouse but actually the sixth courthouse built for Bergen County. In 1683 four counties were created in East Jersey and they were Bergen, Essex, Middlesex and Monmouth. In 1710 Hackensack became the county seat in Bergen. In 1715 the first courthouse was built and it was located three blocks from the current courthouse. The courthouse also housed a jail. The second courthouse was built in 1734 near the “Green”, but was burned by the British in 1780 during the Revolutionary War. The third courthouse, a log building, was then built in Oakland. This was considered a temporary location and the courthouse later moved to the home of John Hopper in Ho-Ho-Kus. After the war, the courthouse was moved to the house of Archibald Campbell of Hackensack.</p><br>
<p>Freeholder Peter Zabriskie later donated land near his Hackensack home located at the northeast corner of Main and Bridge Streets and in 1786 a new courthouse and jail opened. Peter Zabriskie’s home, called “The Mansion” was also called “Washington’s Headquarters” because George Washington frequently was a guest there. Years later the Mansion became a hotel. The Mansion was then torn down in 1945. In 1822 due to space limitations, a new courthouse was built at the location of the current courthouse and it was utilized for over 90 years.</p><br>
<p>The current courthouse is the sixth Bergen County courthouse. James Riely Gordon, a civil engineer, born in Winchester, Virginia, won a competition to design the Bergen County courthouse. The style of the courthouse building is known as American Renaissance. Construction began in 1910 and was completed in 1912 at a cost of one million dollars. The jail was also completed in 1912 and the style of the jail is medieval revival. The courthouse was placed on the New Jersey and National Registers of historic places in 1982 and 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Green is a public square located across the street from the courthouse at the corner of Main Street and Court Street. On the west side of the green is a marker showing where the second courthouse stood before it was burned by the British in 1780. A bronze statue is located at the intersection of Court Street and Washington Place. This statue is of General Enoch Poor. General Poor, a New Hampshire native, was a hero at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777. General Poor served under General Washington. He was in New Jersey organizing an army to raid New York City. General Poor died in 1780 and is buried across the street from the Green at the Dutch Reformed Church. General Washington and the Marquis de Lafayette attended General Poor’s funeral.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The interior dome of the rotunda area of the courthouse is modeled after the Pantheon in Rome. On the first floor of the rotunda building there was a fountain. The fountain was removed in 1930. In the 1930s as part of the Works Progress Administration (WPA), murals were painted in courtrooms 253 and 352. In the early 1940s an additional mural was added in courtroom 357. All three murals were designed by Teaneck resident William Winter. The murals in room 352 (formerly known as the Supreme Court Room) represent the roots of American Law. The murals in room 253 (formerly known as the Freeholder Chambers) represent local historical sights. The murals in room 357 (formerly known as the Circuit Court Chamber) represent Roman Law. There are four stained glass skylights in the rotunda building. The first is located in the rotunda dome and it measures eight feet in diameter. Eight trapezoidal sections carry the name of a historically significant English or American jurist. The three remaining skylights contain the Bergen County seal. The glass utilized for these skylights was made by M.J. Lamb. The interior of the rotunda and its courtrooms were treated with marble, scagliola, bronze and cast iron.</p><br>
<p>The exterior walls of the courthouse rotunda building were made from Vermont marble. On top of the dome is a copper figure entitled “Enlightenment Giving Power” by Johannes Gelert. Around the drum of the dome is a relief consisting of forty panels that represent twelve tablets of the first Roman Law. Five bronze eagles adorn the balustrades on the corners of the building. The eagles and “Enlightenment” were resurfaced with gold leaf in 1994. There are four sculptures on the front of the rotunda building that faces Court Street. Two of the sculptures each contain three figures. The left group consists of Truth holding a mirror flanked by Justice and Integrity. The right group consists of Honor flanked by Law and Order. There are two statues located on the walls of the main steps. The left statue represents History and the right statue represents Law.</p><br>
<p>Construction for the Administration Building started in 1929 and was completed in 1933. The style of this building is called neoclassical. The exterior walls of the Administration Building were made from Arkansas limestone. The Annex building that joins the Administration Building with the rotunda building was completed in 1958.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The historical charm of the courthouse has even caught the eye of Hollywood. Scenes from the following television shows and movies feature the courthouse:</p><br>
<h3>Film</h3><br>
<p>Hackers</p><br>
<p>Before and After</p><br>
<p>The Devil&#39;s Advocate</p><br>
<p>Changing Lanes</p><br>
<h3>Television</h3><br>
<p>Law & Order</p><br>
<p>The Fielding Bradford House is an historic house built on a tract of land near North Elkhorn and Cane Run Creeks in Scott County, Kentucky. The house was originally owned by Fielding Bradford and is an example of an early Kentucky weatherboarded log house. The property was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on December 4, 1973.</p><br>
<p>Fielding Bradford was the brother of printer and early Kentucky settler John Bradford. He left working on the Kentucky Gazette in the spring of 1788 when he married Eleanor Smith Barbee and moved to Scott County where he became a political and military leader. He served in the Kentucky General Assembly as a State Representative in 1802, 1803, 1808, 1809 and 1811. During the War of 1812 he was quartermaster for George Trotter&#39;s Regiment of Kentucky Mounted Militia. He was also a county court judge.</p><br>
<p>Casa del Herrero  is a home and gardens located in Montecito near Santa Barbara, California. It is an estate designed and constructed in the Spanish Colonial Revival Style architecture. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and made a National Historic Landmark on January 16, 2009. Today the entire 11 acre site is owned and operated as a historic house museum and garden by the non-profit Casa del Herrero Foundation, with the goal of restoring and preserving the house and grounds.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Casa del Herrero (Spanish for "House of the Blacksmith") was designed for George Fox Steedman and his wife, who were moving west from St. Louis, by architect George Washington Smith. The residence was completed in 1925, and the Steedmans moved into it the same day as the Santa Barbara earthquake. Steedman - an industrialist, engineer, and amateur architect - assembled a team of architects, landscape architects, antiquarians, and horticulturists to produce the Casa del Herrero estate — an example of Spanish Colonial Revival architecture. Steedman participated in every detail of the property’s buildings, furnishings, and gardens. In the 1930s, architect Lutah Maria Riggs designed the octagonal library addition.</p><br>
<p>Steedman died in 1940, and his widow continued to live there until her death in 1962. Their daughter Medora Bass then lived at the Casa until her death in 1987. The foundation that now operates the estate was created in 1993 by her son.</p><br>
<h2>Tours</h2><br>
<p>Docent-led Tours of the Casa del Herrero house, gardens and workshop are available by reservation. The Casa del Herrero Foundation offers the tours on Wednesday and Saturday, at 10 am and 2 pm. The address is 1387 East Valley Road, Montecito, CA 93108.</p><br>
<p>Simpson Island is an island in Lake Superior, situated off the north shore at the entrance to Nipigon Bay, in Northern Ontario, Canada. It is located about 5 km from the mainland and approximately 13 km southwest of the locality of Rossport. Simpson Island is 113 km northeast of the district capital, Thunder Bay, Ontario.</p><br>
<p>The fourth largest island in Lake Superior and the fifteenth largest in the Great Lakes, Simpson Island has an area of 73 km², and is 16 km long and 10 km wide.</p><br>
<p>The island, which has been described as "rugged wilderness," is uninhabited, but is a destination for kayakers.</p><br>
<p>In the early 20th century its sandstone quarries supplied building stone to the cities of Port Arthur and Fort William, Ontario, and to cities in the United States.</p><br>
<p>Wawayanda Mountain is a ridge in the New York-New Jersey Highlands region of the Appalachian Mountains. The summit lies within Sussex County, New Jersey.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Wawayanda Mountain stretches over 7,500 acre of land, consisting of deciduous forest with areas of scrub-shrub and coniferous woods.</p><br>
<p>Wawayanda Mountain and Pochuck Mountain to the west, form the borders of the Vernon Valley, an important farming and mining area of New Jersey drained by Pochuck Creek.</p><br>
<h2>Appalachian Trail</h2><br>
<p>The Appalachian Trail runs over the top of the ridge within Wawayanda State Park.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Wawayanda Mountain is part of the Reading Prong of the New England Uplands subprovince of the New England province of the Appalachian Highlands. The rocks that form Wawayanda Mountain are comprised from the same belt that make up nearby. This belt, i.e. the Reading Prong, consists of ancient crystalline metamorphic rocks. The New England province as a whole, along with the Blue Ridge province further south, are often together referred to as the Crystalline Appalachians. The Crystalline Appalachians extend as far north as the Green Mountains of Vermont and as far south as the Blue Ridge Mountains, although a portion of the belt remains below the Earth&#39;s surface through part of Pennsylvania. The Crystalline Appalachians are distinct from the parallel Sedimentary Appalachians which run from Georgia to New York. The nearby Kittatinny Mountains are representative of these sedimentary formations.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Mammals inhabiting Wawayanda Mountain include black bear and white-tailed deer.</p><br>
<p>The Foxborough Pumping Station is a historic water pumping station at 25 Pumping Station Road in Foxborough, Massachusetts. Its main pumphouse was designed by Ernest Boyden, a regionally-known architect of water supply systems, and was built in 1891; it is a brick structure with Queen Anne styling. The station also includes several historic wells, a period garage, and the man-made Fales Pond, a once-dammed section of the Neponset Reservoir near the pumphouse. The station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Foxborough Pumping Station is located at the end of Pumping Station Road in northern Foxborough. It is located on 26.6 acre, which include Fales Pond, now a section of the Neponset Reservoir, which impounds the headwaters of the Neponset River. The principal visible features of the station are its 1891 pumphouse, a Late Victorian brick building designed by Ernest Boyden, and a 1953 storage garage. Other features include several drilled wells dating to 1948, and a now-abandoned well field dating to the pumphouse&#39;s construction.</p><br>
<p>The town of Foxborough, initial an agricultural town, grew as an industrial center in the 19th century, specializing in the manufacture of straw hats. The town&#39;s industrial owners and the rise in population led to the need for a reliable public water supply for improved public health and the fire protection of important industrial assets. After a report on the matter was issued in 1879, it lay dormant until 1889, when proposals were made after the construction of the Foxborough State Hospital renewed calls for improved fire protection. A proposal for the present siting of the station was approved by the town in 1891. Ernest Boyden, then already known for his designs of other public water supply pumping stations, was retained to design the new facility. Twenty-four shallow wells were dug to draw groundwater, which the main pump then distributed. In 1948 these were replaced by three deep wells, which draw from the aquifer underlying the Neponset Reservoir. A fourth well was drilled in 1972, replacing the #2 well, whose casing had cracked.</p><br>
<p>The Franklin Common Historic District is a historic district encompassing the traditional village center of Franklin, Massachusetts. The primary focus of the district is the town common, a roughly triangular green which took shape in the mid-18th century. The district includes the buildings that abut the green, and extends northward along Main Street to its junction with Lincoln Street, where the Red Brick School is located. The Dean Junior College Historic District abuts this district to the south. The district is predominantly residential in character, with several civic and religious institutional buildings facing the common. The latter group are dominated by the Federated Church , and the Roman Catholic St. Mary&#39;s Church complex, which includes three buildings from the 1920s to 1955.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The Red Brick School is a historic school in Franklin, Massachusetts. It was one of the oldest active one-room schools in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first school building on this site was a wooden one constructed after the Rev. Nathanael Emmons took a 900-year lease on the land. The school was built at the corner of Maple Street and Main Street, although the latter is now called Lincoln Street and the school building is number two. The "Meeting House School" building and the 900-year lease were taken over by the town authorities. At this time it was known as the "school at the crossroads", although it was also used by the Congregational church for their childrens Sunday-school classes. The schools early association with religion was strong. In 1792 it was agreed that no school master should be appointed who did not "promise to pray in the school each day.</p><br>
<h3>The red bricks</h3><br>
<p>The bricks that gave their name to this school building were shipped via oxen from Boston. This school was built on the foundation of the older, wooden schoolhouse in 1833. By 1835 Mortimer Blake was running a high school in the building that was proving so popular that it was overflowing despite the charges of 25 to 35 cents per week. They had to move the lessons to larger premises.</p><br>
<p>In 1852 the church stopped having Sunday school at the same building.</p><br>
<p>The administration attempted to shut down the school during the Great Depression, due to its costs, but the townspeople rallied behind it. The school again almost closed in 1959, when it was declared unsafe, but the town of Franklin&#39;s residents paid to have it refurbished. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Public school tradition continues</h2><br>
<p>In 2008, after 175 years of regular use, the Red Brick School, which was serving as a kindergarten for Franklin&#39;s Public School System, was deemed to be "surplus" by the Franklin School Department. The school committee voted to close the school and turned the Red Brick School over to the control of the Town Of Franklin. The town, with community support, worked closely with the Benjamin Franklin Classical Charter Public School to incorporate the little Brick School into their educational offerings. Today the tradition of public education continues in this one room classroom, viewed by many as a town treasure. The school remains a large tourist attraction and is rarely used by the town of Franklin in an effort to let the school remain in clean shape.</p><br>
<h2>Dispute over record</h2><br>
<p>The Town of Franklin claimed that the Red Brick School was the longest continuously-running one-room brick school house providing public education in the nation. That record was disputed by several members of Franklins community when the decision on whether or not to close the school was being weighed by Franklins School Committee. A town employee and public school parent discovered that the town of Croydon, New Hampshire also had a "one-room school house" whose building is fifty years older than the Red Brick School. The ensuing discussion focused on whether the term "one room" meant class space or actual rooms. The Croydon schoolhouse actually had two rooms, one used today as a classroom and the other used as extra space, holding a table, a counter, cabinets, and a copy machine.</p><br>
<p>The school department established a task force to study all the issues surrounding the school and to answer the questions raised by the debate. The task force report addresses the Croydon School House and can be found on the town of Franklin&#39;s website.</p><br>
<p>The Holbrook Square Historic District encompasses the historic institutional center of Holbrook, Massachusetts. It includes three buildings: the Gothic Revival town hall, built 1878-79, the Stick style Winthrop Congregational Church , and the 1881 Central Fire Station. These three buildings are arrayed along Mary Wales Holbrook Park, aka Holbrook Square. The square is located north and west of the junction of North Franklin Street  and Union Street . The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Holbrook was originally part of Randolph, and began to achieve a separate identity with the formation of the Second Randolph Church (or East Parish) in 1818. A schism within the East Parish led to the formation of the Winthrop Congregational Church, whose first sanctuary was built in 1857-58. The town was incorporated in 1873, at which time its first town hall was built adjacent to the church. Both buildings were destroyed in a fire in December 1877. In its aftermath, a new town hall, church, and fire station were built in the town&#39;s central square.</p><br>
<p>The town hall is the communitys only significant example of High Victorian Gothic architecture. It is a substantial two story brick structure, with granite and sandstone trim elements. It was designed by John Lyman Faxon and built in 1878-79 by the Norcross Brothers construction firm. The Winthrop Congregational Church was designed by the Boston firm of Hartwell and Tilden, and was built, also by the Norcross Brothers, in 1878-80. It is the towns best preserved 19th-century church, and a fine example of Stick style architecture. The fire station, built in 1881, is the town&#39;s only example of Panel Brick architecture. It is a two story brick building, with a hip roof, and two equipment bays.</p><br>
<p>The Inness-Fitts House and Studio/Barn is a historic house at 406 Main Street in Medfield, Massachusetts. Built in 1836, it is a modest transitional Federal-Greek Revival structure. Southeast of the house stands a barn, probably built in the mid-18th century, which was adapted c. 1860 by artist George Inness for use as a studio. Inness lived here from 1860 to 1864. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Inness-Fitts property stands on the south side of Main Street (Massachusetts Route 109) in the Medfield&#39;s village center. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof clapboard siding, granite foundation, and a single off-center chimney. The front (north-facing) facade is symmetrically arranged, with a recessed central entrance flanked by sidelight windows. The sides of the recess are framed by simple pilasters, and topped by a cornice. Sash windows fill the remaining bays, with slightly gabled lintels. Behind the house stands a small barn, 1-1/2 stories in height, with a gable roof. The north facade is finished in clapboards, with the gable decorated by vergeboard. Based on architectural analysis, it was built in about 1850.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1830, during a period of early industrial development in what was then an otherwise agrarian community. Its first notable owner was Daniel Clark Sanders, who lived in the house next door and owned this as one of several rental properties. Sanders, a minister, is notable as the first president of the University of Vermont, and was active locally in politics, serving as town selectman and in the state legislature. In 1860 the property was purchased by George Inness, an artist who became well known for his landscape paintings, based in part on his work done at is Medfield studio, which was located in the barn. Inness made a number of alterations to the barn for this purpose, plastering walls and adding skylights on the north side. The house was owned from 1874 to 1944 by Julius Fitts, owner of the local general store.</p><br>
<p>Medfield State Hospital, originally the Medfield Insane Asylum, is a historic former psychiatric hospital complex at 45 Hospital Road in Medfield, Massachusetts. The asylum was established in 1892 as the state&#39;s first facility for dealing with chronic mental patients. The college-like campus was designed by William Pitt Wentworth and developed between 1896 and 1914. After an era dominated by asylums built using the Kirkbride Plan, Medfield Insane Asylum was the first asylum built using the new Cottage Plan layout. It was formally renamed "Medfield State Hospital" in 1914.</p><br>
<p>At its height the complex included 58 buildings, on a property of some 3.6 km&sup2, and a capacity of 2,200 patients. It raised its own livestock and produce, and generated its own heat, light and power. Added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, the property was closed in April 2003 and the buildings shuttered. The grounds have been reopened to the public and are open every day from 6 am to 6 pm. It has been used as a filming location for major motion pictures such as The New Mutants, Shutter Island, and The Box. As of July 2012, The Clark Building was demolished. Local Medfield Police now patrol the facility. Trespassing is strictly forbidden past dark and until sunrise. Within the grounds of the hospital lies the Medfield State Hospital Cemetery which has 841 gravesites. This cemetery was opened from 1918 - 1988. Originally, only numbers were on the graves in this cemetery until a Troop 89 boy scout made it his Eagle project to find the names and dates of death of all those buried in the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Starting in October 2013 demolition of three buildings was completed; The Odyssey House, the Carriage House, and the Laundry Building.</p><br>
<p>Famous ex-viner and vlogger Jason Nash worked there as a teenager for a summer job.</p><br>
<p>Peak House is a historic house located at 347 Main Street in Medfield, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>According to tradition, the original house on this site was built in 1651 by Benjamin Clark, burned during the King Philip&#39;s War in 1676, and was rebuilt ca. 1677–1680 by Seth Clark, the owner of the original house. The current Peak House, however, was built in 1711, and is one of the oldest houses in Medfield and one of the earliest surviving examples of Post-medieval English (Elizabethan) architecture in the United States. Some of the original panes of glass in the windows, which were imported from England, can still be seen today.</p><br>
<p>On October 18, 1924, the Peak House was deeded to The Medfield Historical Society, by its then-owners, Mr. and Mrs. Frederick M. Smith, after which the house received a down-to-the-frame restoration. The house has served both as a dwelling and a historical site, as well as an artists studio and workshop. The Medfield Historical Societys Annual Peak House Pantry, which occurs during the Saturday before Thanksgiving, showcases the Peak House and raises money for its ongoing maintenance. The event offers visitors the opportunity to see both the lower floor with its impressive fireplace and the separate "borning" room, as well as the upstairs sleeping loft that features the original ceiling beams and gunstock posts. In past years at the event, there has been Medfield Historical Society memorabilia for sale, including cup plates in a variety of colors, embossed with the Peak House, refrigerator magnets, and postcards.</p><br>
<p>The house is currently open every Sunday from 2pm to 5pm from June to September and by appointment at other times. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975 and may have the highest pitched roof on record in Massachusetts for a colonial American house.</p><br>
<p>The Millis Center Historic District is a historic district on Curve, Daniels, Exchange, Irving, Lavender, Main, Union Streets in Millis, Massachusetts. The district encompasses the historic mid-to-late-19th century village center of the town, including the residential area north of Main Street, and two 19th-century industrial complexes, along with civic and institutional buildings. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The area that is now Millis was first settled by English settlers in the 1640s, and was for many years part of Medway before being separately incorporated in 1885. Its town center developed around a north-south route (now Massachusetts Route 115, partly Exchange Street and partly Plain Street) and an east-west route now designated in sections Exchange Street, Curve Street, and Union Street. The much straighter Main Street, now Massachusetts Route 109, was built in 1809 as the Hartford and Dedham Turnpike, and the railroad was built through the area in between the east-west routes in the 1850s. The town was predominantly agrarian until the 1880s, when reliable rail service was introduced. Lansing Millis, for whom the town is named, was responsible for the growth of the center as an industrial center, owning a shoe factory, steel factory, and bottling plant.</p><br>
<p>The historic district extends along Main Street from Exchange to Plain Street, and along the curving route of Exchange, Curve, and Union Streets from Main Street in the west to its eastern railroad junction. It also extends northward along Exchange Street from its junction with Curve. The district, 110 acre in size, includes civic, commercial, industrial, and residential properties. Most of its buildings date to after 1850, with only four houses and one church (the First Parish Church at 142 Exchange Street) dating to that early period. The oldest house is that of John Richardson, a typical Georgian colonial at 191 Curve Street, dates to the mid-18th century.</p><br>
<p>The Emery Grover Building is a historic structure at 1330 Highland Avenue in downtown Needham, Massachusetts. It currently houses administration offices for the Needham Public Schools, including the office of Daniel E. Gutekanst, Superintendent of Schools.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1898 in the Italian Renaissance Revival architectural style from a design by Whitman & Hood, the symmetrical tan brick building features an upper arcade of six Georgian Revival windows, an arched center entrance stoop flanked by multi-paned Diocletian windows, arched wings, and a curved pediment dormer crown sporting the Needham Public Schools seal.</p><br>
<p>The Emery Grover Building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, the Boston architectural firm of Bargmann Hendrie + Archetype Inc. conducted a feasibility study for the building&#39;s restoration and renovation as a downtown senior center. The firm estimated the rehabilitation cost at $8.6 million, $2.5 million of which could come from the Community Preservation Act.</p><br>
<p>The Joshua Lewis House is a historic house at 178 South Street in Needham, Massachusetts. Built in 1776, it has a well-preserved example of late Georgian architecture, which has been home to a number of individuals of local and national importance, including artist N.C. Wyeth. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Joshua Lewis House stands in a residential area of southeastern Needham, on the south side of South Street between its junctions with Green Street and Needhamdale Road. It is set on 1.2 acre overlooking the Charles River. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof that extends down to the first floor in the rear, giving the house a saltbox profile. Its exterior is clad in wooden siding, and it has a brick central chimney. Its main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance flanked by sidelight windows. The interior follows a typical center-chimney plan, with an narrow entrance vestibule, parlors on either side of the chimney, and long kitchen behind the chimney. It retains original period fireplace surrounds and other woodwork. There are modern additions extending to the south and northeast.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1776 by Joshua Lewis, on land originally belonging to his wifes family. Little is known of the Lewises; his wife, Mary Lyons, was the daughter of a prominent local landowner. The first notable owner of the house was David Livingston, a regionally prominent woodcarver whose credits include work in the Massachusetts State House. In 1874 the house was purchased by Denys Zirngiebel, a Swiss horticulturalist who served as an early director of the Arnold Arboretum. Zirngiebel was a protegé of Louis Agassiz, and was friends with Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, who is known to have visited here. Longfellow is said to have mentioned a tree on this property in his poem "To the River Charles". Zirngiebels daughter Henriette married Andrew Wyeth, the father of artist N.C. Wyeth. Wyeth purchased the house in 1921, and used it as a home and studio for a number of years.</p><br>
<p>The Kingsbury-Whitaker House is a historic house at 53 Glendoon Street in Needham, Massachusetts. The 2-1/2 story wood frame house has at its core elements of a house that was built on the site in about 1720. The old house, built by Deacon Timothy Kingsbury, became the significantly-altered nucleus of a larger house built in 1840 by Edward Whitaker, a prominent local businessman. With further additions, the building encapsulates more than 200 years of construction methods. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Kingsbury-Whitaker House is located on the north side of Glendoon Street, just east of its junction with Nehoiden Street and a short way north of Great Plain Avenue (Massachusetts Route 135). The latter two roads are historically old roads, dating to the early period of the area&#39;s settlement. The house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof, twin interior chimneys, and a fieldstone foundation under its eastern half. Additions extend the building to the west, north, and northeast. Its main facade, facing south, is symmetrically arranged, with a center entrance flanked by sidelight windows and sheltered by a gabled porch.</p><br>
<p>Deacon Timothy Kingsbury purchased the land on which this house stands in 1702, and was one of the leaders of the effort to incorporate Needham, which succeeded in 1711. He is known to have built a house on his land c. 1710, and local historians typically ascribed that date to this house. However, a detailed analysis of the construction of its oldest portion, the eastern half, revealed it was built using methods that only came into use after about 1720. Kingsbury lived in the house until 1740, serving in a variety of town offices and in the colonial assembly.</p><br>
<p>The house remained in Kingsbury family hands until 1839, when it was sold to Edgar Whitaker, a Boston businessman. Whitaker made substantial alterations to the house, giving the main block its present appearance. His addition to the western end of the house required relocation of Nehoiden Street, which was moved 150 ft west of its original route. Whitaker was, like Kingsbury, active in local politics, serving in the state legislature and on the Governor&#39;s Council. It was in part through his efforts that the railroad was routed through Needham. Subsequent owners of this house made numerous additions (including the removal of some to be replaced by others, but the main block was not substantially altered. As a result, the entire house, including its additions, represent a snapshot of more than 200 years of building methods.</p><br>
<p>The McIntosh Corner Historic District is a historic district encompassing an area that was formerly the principal town center of Needham, Massachusetts. This cluster of mainly residential buildings, surrounding the junction of Great Plain Avenue and Central Street, declined in importance when the railroad bypassed it, resulting the eventual relocation of the town&#39;s village center to its present location, about 1 mi to the east. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Needham, a suburb west of Boston, was settled in the early 18th century and incorporated in 1711. The approximate routes of both Great Plain Avenue and Central Street were originally trails used by Native Americans, and were developed into roads by the colonial settlers. The original town center was located about 0.25 mi to the north, and this junction grew as a secondary node of development in the late 18th century. Opposition to the routing of the railroad parallel to Central Avenue through the center and this junction resulted in its placement further to the east in 1853, after which the area declined in importance.</p><br>
<p>The district, about 11 acre in size, includes fifteen historically significant properties (and ten that are not), centered at the junction of Great Plain Avenue and Central Street, extending in each direction for only a short distance. The most prominent building in the district is the Presbyterian Church, a modern building. It is the cohesive character of the residential buildings that gives the district its character. Virtually all of them are wood frame structures, 2-1/2 stories in height, and between 3 and 5 bays wide. Most are five bays wide, a typical late colonial or Federal period form, with a center entrance and two interior chimneys. The oldest house in the district, the Daniel Kingsbury House (1794), is typical of this form. Originally Federal in style, it was later modified with Greek Revival and Colonial Revival alterations.</p><br>
<p>The Needham Town Hall Historic District is a historic district on Great Plain Avenue between Highland Avenue and Chapel Street in Needham, Massachusetts. It encompasses Needham Town Hall, a Georgian Revival structure built in 1902 to a design by Winslow & Bigelow, and the grassy public park in front of it, which was established in 1884. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Needham Town Hall is located in the village center of the town, which is roughly near its geographic center. It is set between Chapel Street (west) and Highland Avenue (east), and faces south, across the town common to Great Plain Avenue (Massachusetts Route 135). It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure, with a gabled slate roof and granite foundation. A tower, housing a bell and clock, rises to a golden dome atop the building. The building&#39;s first floor is finished in a rusticated manner, and is separated from the finer second floor by a granite stringcourse. At the center of the main facade are three round-arch openings, sheltering the recessed building entrance. Most of the windows are sashes topped by round arch sections. Pilasters separate the bays on the second floor, and support a frieze and modillioned cornice below the roof. The roof is encircled by a low balustrade.</p><br>
<p>The town common is separated from town hall by a curving drive. It is a grassy rectangular area, with walkways crossing it and occasional plantings of trees and shrubs. Fronting Great Plain Avenue is an area with a flagpole and a brick memorial wall.</p><br>
<p>Needham was settled in 1680 and incorporated (out of Dedham) in 1711. It was a mainly agricultural area, with industry center on the Charles River in its northernmost areas. Its town center was at the junction of Central Avenue and Nehoiden Street, about 1 mi to the west of the present center. When the railroad was routed around that center in 1853, the area then known as Great Plain Village became the dominant commercial and civic area. In 1884 the town purchased the land for the common and town hall, to create a new central civic point in the growing village. The town hall, designed by Winslow and Bigelow of Boston, was completed in 1903. Its upper level, originally an open hall, was used for town meetings and all manner of social gatherings until 1952, when it was subdivided into offices.</p><br>
<p>The Robert Fuller House is a historic house at 3 Burrill Lane in Needham, Massachusetts. Built in 1707 and moved to its present location in 1750, it is the oldest house in Needham. It is a well-preserved example of First Period architecture, adaptively modified over the centuries to adapt to later uses. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Fuller House stands at the northwest corner of Burrill Lane and Forest Street in northwestern Needham. The area is, like much of the town, now a residential suburban area. The house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof and a sloping rear leanto section, giving the house a classic saltbox profile. Additions extend to the left and rear of the main block. The house exterior is finished in clapboards, and the sole chimney is placed off-center behind the ridge line. The interior has a typical center-chimney plan, with a narrow winding stairway in the front vestibule, in front of the original central chimney.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1707 by Robert Fuller, a prominent local resident from one of the area&#39;s early families. It originally stood where 46 Burrill Lane is, and was moved by Fuller in 1750 to its present location to make way for a new house. It is the oldest house in Needham. As built in 1707, it was a typical double-pile house with central chimney; the leanto was added after the house was moved. IN 1823 it was sold out of the Fuller family to the Greenwoods, who owned it until 1896. In the early 20th century, the additions were made to the side and rear, and the central chimney replaced by the present one.</p><br>
<p>The Tolman-Gay House is a historic house at 1196 Central Avenue in Needham, Massachusetts. Built in 1743, it is a well-preserved example of mid-18th century architecture, which was occupied for nearly two centuries by members of two of Needham&#39;s early families. It waslisted on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Tolman-Gay House is located in what is now a residential area west of the town center, on the east side of Central Avenue just south of its junction with Gay Street. It is a two-story wood frame structure, originally built in an L shape, and now covered by a hipped roof. It has a narrow three-bay facade roughly facing west toward the street, and is elongated by the addition of a modern kitchen and garage to the rear. The old portion of the house has a central chimney dividing the ground floor into a parlor and a kitchen. The interior retains period finishes and woodwork.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1743 by Nathaniel Tolman, around the time of his marriage. Tolmans son John was prominent in the local militia, serving in the American Revolutionary War in the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the Siege of Boston, and the Saratoga campaign. He remained active in the militia after the war, and was activated for the War of 1812 but saw no service. Tolman was also active in civic affairs, serving as assessor and as an agent in negotiations over the separation of Needhams West Parish (now Wellesley). The houses next owner was Jonathan Gay, a military compatriot of Tolmans who was also from an old Needham family. Gay was a schoolteacher and served in the state legislature. The house remained in the Gay family until 1923.</p><br>
<p>The Fred Holland Day House is a historic house located at 93 Day Street in Norwood, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a 2-1/2 story wood-framed house, with complex massing and a busy roofline with gables of various size. Its ground floor is finished in stone, and the upper levels have the half-timbering typical of the Tudor Revival style. The house was built in 1859, and substantially altered in about 1892 to designs by J. Williams Beal, a noted Boston architect, at which time it was given its present Tudor Revival styling. It now houses the Norwood Historical Society and is open to the public for touring.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 18, 1977.</p><br>
<p>Norwood Memorial Municipal Building  is a historic building located in Norwood, Massachusetts, United States.</p><br>
<p>The Late Gothic Revival building was built in 1927-28, and is made of Weymouth seamed-face granite. Visitors often mistake it for a church or believe it to have been a church, but it never was; its stained-glass windows depict not saints, but local patriot Aaron Guild.</p><br>
<p>"Guild", whose name appears in local street and building names, is pronounced with a long i, like the second syllable of the word "beguiled".</p><br>
<p>Guild&#39;s significance is explained by an inscription on the Aaron Guild Memorial Stone, dedicated in 1903, which stands outside the Norwood public library. The inscription reads:</p><br>
<p>Guild and his oxen are featured in the town seal.</p><br>
<p>The building includes a 50-bell carillon tower housing the Walter F. Tilton Memorial Carillon, one of nine carillons in Massachusetts and the seventh-largest in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Sharon Historic District is a historic district on both sides of N. Main Street from Post Office Square to School Street in Sharon, Massachusetts. The area includes the earliest formally laid out part of Sharon, when it was established as a parish of Stoughton in 1740. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Stoughton was incorporated in 1726 out of Dorchester. Its southern part was established as a separate precinct, which was incorporated as Stoughtonham in 1765 and renamed Sharon in 1783. Sharon Center arose in 1740, around where the precincts first colonial meeting house was built, now the site of the 1842 Greek Revival Unitarian Church. The only significant surviving pre-20th century landscape in the center is now the single block of North Main Street between Post Office Square and School Street. Included in this area are six houses and two churches, as well as the town library, the districts only civic building. It is a modest Georgian Revival building, constructed in 1914 with funding support from philanthropist Andrew Carnegie.</p><br>
<p>The oldest building in the district is the Dennett House, dating to about 1753. It was built as a replacement for the first parsonage house, which was destroyed by fire, and stands at the northwestern corner of the district. Between it and the Unitarian Church stand three houses: one is the First Congregational Church Parsonage, a Colonial Revival structure built in 1905, while another is the Dr. Griffin Office, also built as a private residence in 1905. To its south is the 1805 Morse House, the first brick building to be built in the town. Opposite the Morse House stands the 1839 Greek Revival First Congregational Church, with the library just to its south. The church is connected via a long ell to an early 20th century Colonial Revival House, with another similar one standing to its north, opposite the Dennett House at the northern end of the district.</p><br>
<p>The Eaton-Moulton Mill is a historic industrial building at 37 Walnut Street in the Wellesley Lower Falls village of Wellesley, Massachusetts. The 2-1/2 story granite mill building was built c. 1853 by the firm of Reuben Ware and William Clark, manufacturers of papermaking machinery. The building is distinctive for its use of stone, a relatively uncommon construction material in this area. The Lower Falls area of Wellesley and Newton developed as a papermaking center in the 18th century, and began transitioning from handmade methods to machine methods producing rolls of paper in the 1830s. Ware and Clark were at the forefront of this transition, establishing a machine shop in 1832 where the manufactured equipment for this new process. This building was built for them in 1853, and continued under Eaton and Moulton and other owners until papermaking declined. The building now houses commercial office space.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Elm Park, also known as Clocktower Park, is a historic park near the junction of Massachusetts Route 16 and Massachusetts Route 9 in the Wellesley Hills section of Wellesley, Massachusetts. It is a triangular parcel of 1.24 acre, laid out for passive recreation. Its focal point is the 75 ft brick and masonry Sprague Tower, designed by Benjamin Proctor, Jr., and built in 1928 to house a clock and bell given to the town in 1874. A portion of the now-defunct Cochituate Aqueduct passes through the park. Land for the park was acquired in 1908 by the town with funds raised by the community; the clock and bell were the gift of John Shaw. Isaac Sprague, for whom the tower is named, sat on the committee which oversaw its construction, and donated materials for that purpose.</p><br>
<p>The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>The Hunnewell Estates Historic District is an historic district between the Charles River and Lake Waban in Wellesley and Natick, Massachusetts, about 17 miles west of Boston. It consists of the large group of 18th to 21st century agricultural and estate properties with farmland, gardens, residences, and landscapes of the Hunnewell and Welles families. The properties in the Historic District are still largely owned and occupied by members of the Hunnewell family. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The origin of the Hunnewell estates dates to 1763 when Samuel Welles (1725-1799) made his first purchase of Indian lands in Natick and West Needham (later Wellesley). Welles was a descendant of Thomas Welles (1594-1660), 1st Treasurer and then Governor of the Colony of Connecticut. The properties descended to Samuels granddaughter Isabella Pratt Welles and her husband, successful railroad financier and businessman, landscape designer, and horticulturalist H. Hollis Hunnewell (1810-1902), and continued with their adult children and the following generations. Mr. Hunnewell and his family gave much to the town of Wellesley (formerly West Needham), which was named after his wifes family - the Welles, and to Boston, with civic philanthropy in numerous fields.</p><br>
<p>They also were generous to the New England horticulture community for over 75 years via importing, testing, and distributing many new plant introductions, estate site planning and garden design examples, and supportive leadership in the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Horatio Hollis Hunnewell was especially interested in coniferous and broad-leaved evergreens, and Asian rhododendrons.</p><br>
<p>At their peak during the early 20th century American Country Place era, there were twenty contiguous Hunnewell estates along Washington Street and Pond Road in southwest Wellesley. The estates have now been in the Welles-Hunnewell family for eight generations.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>The family has placed hundreds of acres in the district under perpetual conservation restrictions, primarily with The Trustees of Reservations, protecting Lake Waban and the Charles River, as well as the farmland, gardens, landscapes, vistas, and natural native landscapes from development. These restrictions, starting in 1974, were among the first placed with the Trustees of Reservations.</p><br>
<p>None of the properties is open to the public. However, while maintaining its property rights in this regard, the family allows members of the neighboring Wellesley College community to enter the properties to walk the path around Lake Waban; bicycles are not permitted.</p><br>
<h2>Historic district</h2><br>
<p>The district includes the original Welles homestead, the Hunnewell Farm, and the eight contiguous country houses and outbuildings H. H. Hunnewell built for himself and seven of his nine children:</p><br>
<p>"Welles House" (1770) - original country homestead of the Welles family of Boston and Paris.</p><br>
<p>"H. H. Hunnewell estate" (1851) - renaissance revival style residence of H. H. Hunnewell (1810-1902) and his wife Isabella Pratt Welles, designed by Arthur Gilman, and including renowned lakeside topiary Italian Garden (1854), and Pinetum (1867). In 1865-1866, two gate lodges were built and a large conservatory was added to the residence, all designed by Gridley J.F. Bryant. In addition to these and other outbuildings, the estate includes the 1755 house of Captain Aaron Smith, who led a company of 70 Minutemen to the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Mr. Hunnewell was his own landscape architect and did not employ a professional firm to lay out his grounds; his original design is essentially completely intact.</p><br>
<p>"The Cottage" (1870) - Queen Anne style guest cottage, designed by John Sturgis, and including 1923 landscape design by the Olmsted Brothers.</p><br>
<p>"The Oaks" (1871) - residence of Arthur Hunnewell (1845-1904), designed by John Sturgis, burned in 1891, and replaced with a new residence designed by Shaw & Hunnewell, with first private golf course in New England (1892), in use until World War II.</p><br>
<p>"Walter Hunnewell House" (1875) - gothic revival residence of Walter Hunnewell (1844-1921), designed by Ware & Van Brunt and including many of the same elements as their design for Memorial Hall at Harvard, which was designed and built contemporaneously. In 1881 Stanford White redesigned the front entry and one interior room.</p><br>
<p>"Hill Hurst" (1883) - brick Victorian residence of Hollis Hunnewell (1836-1884), designed by Shaw & Hunnewell, and including 1892 squash courts, being the first of their kind in the United States.</p><br>
<p>"Hunnewell Farm" (1887) - 30 acre working farm on the Natick/Wellesley line, purchased by John Welles in 1814, though farmed since colonial times. The current large barn, with a main structure measuring 90 x 40 and a 10,000 bale capacity in the haylofts, was built in 1887.</p><br>
<p>"The Cedars" (1891) - residence of Henry Sargent Hunnewell (1854-1931), designed by Shaw & Hunnewell, and including a large landscape designed by Charles Eliot and organized around long directed view avenues to Morse&#39;s Pond and other features. The original house was pulled down in 1953 and replaced with a more modest brick dwelling in 1954.</p><br>
<p>"The Morrill House" (1775) - residence of Dr. Isaac Morrill, purchased by John Welles in 1836, and passed from him to his daughter Isabella Pratt Welles, wife of H. H. Hunnewell. The house was greatly enlarged in 1891 along plans of Shaw & Hunnewell as a residence for Jane Welles Hunnewell (1851-1936) and her husband Francis Williams Sargent. Jane Hunnewell Sargent was a grandmother of Francis W. Sargent, Governor of Massachusetts from 1969-1975.</p><br>
<p>"The Pines" (1891) - residence of Isabella Pratt Hunnewell (1849-1934) and her husband Robert Gould Shaw, designed by Shaw & Hunnewell. Mr. Shaw is not to be confused with his cousin, Robert Gould Shaw, who commanded the African-American 54th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry during the US Civil War. This property is no longer in the family, having been sold to Wellesley College in the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>The Intermediate Building is a historic municipal building at 324 Washington Street in Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts. Designed by architects Hartwell and Richardson, and completed in 1894, it is a two story brick building with Romanesque styling. It has a hip roof pierced by hip-roof dormers, the central one larger than those flanking it. Windows on the first floor have segmented-arch tops, while those on the second level are rectangular. A terra cotta stringcourse separates the first and second levels. The building served as the first Wellesley High School, and later as an annex to Town Hall. It is now Phillips Park Apartments for senior citizens.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
